Is it possible to represent superscript and subscript in Jekyll?

It is.

And this is not an issue with Jekyll alone, per se, but the Markdown format.

If you want to display the following:

Superscript

You would key it in like this:

25<sup>th</sup> August 25, 2025

This will, hopefully, display as expected

25th August 25, 2025

Similarly, for subscript, if we wished to display the following:

Subscript

We would key it in like this:

Citation<sub>1</sub>

Which, hopefully, displays as expected:

Citation1

Happy hacking!